Borders: the Territory in the North and North-East borders Kazakhstan, in the East and South-East — Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan, in the West — Turkmenistan, in the South — Afghanistan. The total length of the state border is 7090.12 km.

The length of the borders with Afghanistan is 143 km, with Kazakhstan — 2.356,31 km, with Kyrgyzstan — 1476.12 km, with Tajikistan — 1.283,2 km and with Turkmenistan — 1831.49 km.

Relief. By natural and geographical conditions Uzbekistan is one of the most favorable regions in Central Asia. The territory of Uzbekistan is a kind of combination of flat and mountainous terrain.

Most of the territory of Uzbekistan is occupied by plains (about four-fifths of the territory). One of the main is the Turan plain. In the East and North-East of the country are the spurs of the Tien Shan and Pamir, here is the highest point of the country (4 643 m). In the North Central part of the territory of Uzbekistan is one of the largest deserts in the world — Kyzylkum, in the West — Karakum.

Geological structure and minerals. The bowels of the country contain reserves of natural gas, brown and coal, gold, copper, tungsten, bismuth; oil fields have been discovered.

Climate. The climate of Uzbekistan is sharply continental. It is characterized by a sharp amplitude of day and night, summer and winter temperatures. The temperature difference depending on the season is quite significant. The average January temperature drops to -6°C, and the average July temperature rises to +32°C. the Average annual rainfall on the plain — 120 — 200 mm, in mountainous areas — 1000 mm. Rainfall is small, so agriculture is more dependent on irrigation.

Inland waters. The largest rivers are the Amu Darya and Syr Darya. The total length of the Amu Darya is 1437 km, the Syr Darya — 2137 km.

Most of the rivers of Uzbekistan dry up in its current, only the Amu Darya and Syr Darya reach the Aral sea.

Soil and vegetation. On plains dominates deserted vegetation, in mountains — steppes, wood, mountain meadows.

Wildlife. The fauna of the country is very diverse: in the desert there is a rare antelope saiga and lizard, reaching a length of 1.5 m. The mountains are inhabited by snow leopards and rare species of mountain goats.

Mountain system. Mountains and foothills make up about 1/5 of the territory of the Republic. In the East dominate middle and high mountainous forms of the terrain: the country consists of the end slopes or ridges of Western Tien-Shan (ridges Ugam, Pskem, Chatkal, Kurama) and Pamir-Alay (mountain ranges Zeravshan, Turkestan, Gissar, Kugitangtau, Baysuntau). To the South and West, they gradually fall and move into the plains. Between the mountains there are quite large depressions: Kashkadarya, Surkhandarya, Zeravshan, Samarkand. The largest intermountain trough — Ferghana hollow (valley) — 370 km and a maximum width reaches 190 kilometers. With three sides framed by mountain ridges and only with West is open. On the border with Afghanistan is a vast Priamudarya basin.

Natural wealth. The Republic of Uzbekistan has a large production and mineral potential, unique agricultural raw materials, significant volumes of semi-finished products obtained in the process of processing, rich natural resources, developed infrastructure.

The current level of mineral exploration is associated with the development of the richest deposits of precious, non-ferrous and rare metals, all types of fossil fuels — oil, natural gas and gas condensate, brown and semi-coking coal, oil shale, uranium, many types of raw materials for building materials.

On the territory of the Republic of Uzbekistan revealed a wide range of minerals, including about 100 types of minerals, of which 60 are already used in the national economy.

Uzbekistan is a leader not only in the CIS, but also in the world in terms of proven reserves of minerals such as gold, uranium, copper, natural gas, tungsten, potassium salts, phosphates, kaolins. So, on stocks of gold Republic occupies a fourth place in the world, and the level of its mining seventh place, on stocks of copper — tenth — eleventh place; Uranus — seventh — eighth place, but on its mining — eleventh — twelfth place.

The available reserves of mineral raw materials in the majority not only provide the operating mining complexes for the long term, but also allow to increase capacities, again to organize production of a number of the most important minerals — gold, uranium, copper, lead, silver, lithium, phosphorites, potassium salts, hydrofluoric spar, wollastonite, agrochemical ores, etc.